Trents letzter Fall (1. Film Deutsch. 19. GB ) . Ansicht in die Cine Canal, dieser Film wurde im Jahre 1. SCHAUSPIELER Trents letzter Fall (1. Schauspieler / Schauspielerinnen: Michael Wilding, Margaret Lockwood, Orson Welles, John Mc. Trents letzter Fall: Amazon.es: Edmund C. Bentley, Robert Sulliger: Libros en idiomas extranjeros. Bentley - Trents letzter Fall jetzt kaufen. 3 Kundrezensionen und 4.7 Sterne. Discover Book Depository's huge selection of Monika-Elwenspoek books online. Free delivery worldwide on over 10 million titles. Callum, Miles Malleson, Hugh Mc. Dermott, Jack Mc. ![]() ![]() Naughton, Sam Kydd, Geoffrey Bayldon, Robert Cawdron, John Chandos, Anthony Collins, Henry Edwards, Eileen Joyce, Ben Williams und Kenneth Williams. FILM BEWERTUNG online. Gut, erf. Diese Geschichte ist interessant. REGIEFREIWILLIGE SELBSTKONTROLLE (FSK)Unter der regie von Herbert Wilcox.+1. Freigegeben ab 1. Jahren kann mieten oder kaufen Film. GENRESKINOSTARTLAUFZEIT - FULL MOVIEDrama. Jahr 1. 95. 29. 0 Minuten (ungef. Bentley und Pamela Bower. MUSIK Trents letzter Fall. Bestehend aus Anthony Collins. FOTOGRAFIE / KAMERAGef. Die Filmpremiere im Fernsehen wird in 4: 3 Format (kleiner Bildschirm) ausgestrahlt. Ein klassischer Kriminalroman aus dem Jahre 1913 (.![]() Ohne Werbeunterbrechungen hat der, Trents letzter Fall volle des Filme eine Dauer von 9. Minuten; sein offizieller Trailer ist im Internet zu sehen. Rezension von Stefan83: Im Zuge der 'Fischer Crime Classics'-Reihe sind nun bereits schon einige Titel ver Scopri Trents letzter Fall : Ein klass. 1423 : Crime classics. ![]()
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Auch Lions Head besingen die Hoffnung auf die eine wahre Liebe . Juni 2. 01. 6, schnell mitmachen! Auf Wolke Sieben schweben, der gl. Wenn man potentielle Partner kennen lernt, werden sie dann zwangsl. ![]() Right Now zufrieden geben ! Man stellt sich schlie? ![]() Und erneut kommt die Frage auf: Gibt es nur eine Person, die zu der gro? Haben wir zu hohe Erwartungen an zuk! Doch in jedem von uns steckt ein kleiner Romantiker, der uns hoffen l. Und das ist auch gut so! Denn wenn wir es zulassen, dann kann aus Liebe nach und nach die gro. Auch wenn es zu Beginn nicht so scheint: Ein Partner, der Sie liebt und bei dem Sie gl. Dieser Erfolg war Anlass f. ![]() Alle Infos zum Film Mathilde - Eine gro Frankreich zu Beginn des zwanzigsten. Kastelruther Spatzen - Eine gro Buy Eine grosse Liebe: Read Digital Music Reviews - Amazon.com. Kaum jemand hat Ahnung davon, was Liebe ist, wie sie funktioniert.Zudem spielte er auf zahlreichen Festivalb! Eindeschluss ist der 5. Juni 2. 01. 6. Das Gewinnspiel ist beendet. Wir verlosen 3. Einsendeschluss ist der 5. Juni: Berlin – Musik & Frieden/Beginn: 2. Uhr. 6. Unter allen Einsendungen verlosen wir 3. Die Teilnahme ist auf einen Mitspieler pro Haushalt begrenzt. Ausgeschlossen sind Mitarbeiter von Love. Scout. 24. Eine Teilnahme ist nur mit vollst. Unter allen Teilnehmern werden nach Aktionsende die Gewinner ausgelost. Die Gewinner werden schriftlich benachrichtigt. Eine Barauszahlung des Gewinns ist nicht m. Die Lieferung erfolgt nur innerhalb der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Geliefert wird frei Haus. Der Einsendeschluss ist der 0. Jump to: navigation, search. 1949 film by Hans Bertram. Language Label Description Also known as; English: Eine. DieAuferstehung2011 1,567 views. 4:53 Vicky Leandros - Sag mir wo die blumen sind - Duration: 4:55. Writers: Hans Bertram, Gisela. Hantel-Quitmann: Verliebte Liebe ist eine Idealisierung des Partners, eine Projektion der eigenen Sehns. Die grosse Liebe gibt es wirklich. Uhr. Der Rechtsweg ist ausgeschlossen. Bildrechte: (1) Wavebreakmedia Ltd/ Wavebreak Media/ Thinkstock; (2) Michael Blann/ Digital. Vision/ Thinkstock; (3) Vladimir. FLoyd/ i. Stock/ Thinkstock; (4) Lions Head. Eine Kapitulation war es nicht. Es ist das Idealbild des Intellektuellen- , des Philosophentodes schlechthin: . Sie, Dorine, im gleichen Jahr geborene Engl. Hatte nicht bereits 1. In diesem beinahe aber liegt die ganze Differenz. Denn selbst wenn Studien wie jene . Und zwar nicht zur Menschheit, weder zu Frankreich noch zur Linken, ja nicht einmal von . Wir sprechen von der Liebe des einmaligen Mannes Andr. Du bist um sechs Zentimeter kleiner geworden, Du wiegst nur noch f. Journalisten ungleich j. Interpreten, aufgepasst! Lebte hier nicht im Mittelalter jener Chr. Und mit seiner kranken Frau, seit 2. Jahren nach einem vermutlich . Jedoch nicht etwa vom . Beginnend mit der ersten Begegnung im Nieselregen von Lausanne im Jahre 1. Und beim Happy End wird weder frei nach Tucholsky . Behutsam habe ich Deinen K. Der Perlmuttglanz Deiner Brust erhellte Dein Gesicht. Lange habe ich Dich stumm betrachtet, dieses Wunder an Kraft und Zartheit. Das griechische Ideal der weiblichen Sch. Mit Dir habe ich begriffen, dass die Lust nicht etwas ist, was man nimmt oder gibt. Es ist eine Weise, sich hinzugeben und die Hingabe des anderen herbeizurufen. Wir haben uns ganz und gar einander hingeben. Die Revolution ist tot, und auch mir geht's schlecht; so schlimm kann also der Kapitalismus nicht sein, wenn's immer noch Liebe dieser Art gibt: zwei Seiten der gleichen falschen M. Da kann man Hiob oder die griechischen Stoiker anf. Die intellektuellen Erotikexperten Philippe Sollers und Ehefrau Julia Kristeva hatten allerdings schon damals f. Anyway , wie Dorine gesagt haben w. Es hat jedenfalls etwas zutiefst Tr. Geschichte einer Liebe. Watch Jamais 2 sans toi (1. Free streaming. Streaming resources for this Comedy, Romance TV Show. Those are web search results for . We are not affiliate with any of these websites. If some of the links harm copyright laws please see our DMCA and Copyright page. TOUTES FOLLES DE LUI / JAMAIS 2 SANS TOI-T / TF1.![]() Jamais sans toi (2009, Br. Favorites Roc Narr; 326 videos. Catch Hell English Movie by Janyce Mcquown. Jamais sans toi (Thomas et Francesco) (Indochine). ![]() Writers: Daniel Janneau, Fr. Stars: Cyrielle Clair, Jean. Sans Sarah rien ne va! TV; DVD; VOD; Netflix; Mon Allocin. 1996 : Jamais deux sans toi ('Jamais deux sans toi.t') (s. 1999 : Histoires d'hiver. Jamais sans toi (1999): Review, Trailer. TV announce; TV Program. Pierre-Quentin Faesch ![]()
![]() Can I change my child’s name without the father’s consent? If your child is under 16 years old, potentially both parents will have to consent to a change in the. But getting it through council. Your garage conversion will almost certainly need consent under the Building Act 2004, because you're changing the building use. How to Terminate a Father's Parental Rights. Termination of parental rights can be ordered by the court in situations involving neglect or abuse, or if the parent has. Why can women have an abortion without the father's consent BUT consent is needed for adoption? You need to get consent for any sexual activity or intimate contact - not just sexual intercourse. This includes kissing and touching. Grabbing someone’s breasts.Getting informed on consent - Property. Adding an extra bedroom or standalone flat with a garage conversion is a great way to add value to a property. Chucking up some gib and a bit of insulation isn't hard. But getting it through council is another story. Your garage conversion will almost certainly need consent under the Building Act 2. Owners who want to go a step further and add a kitchen or kitchenette, will need both a building consent and a resource consent. What's more, resource consents require development contribution fees. It's never a good idea to convert your garage without consent. Prospective owners can discover unconsented works by checking the council file, and they may walk away as a result or at least use the works as a bargaining wedge. Once you get into building consent territory you need professional help. The standards you have to meet are higher than just a bit of DIY building. For example, you may find you need a membrane under the concrete slab or that the floor level needs raising before consent is granted. But if you raise the floor you may face problems of there being insufficient headroom. ![]() Depending on the work you have in mind, you may need to use a Licensed Building Practitioner if the work relates to the structure and weathertightness of the building. That's what's known as . The council doesn't want cowboys working on sewers. The council will grant consent only if it's confident the proposed work will meet the Building Code. For this reason it's often worth getting advice from your builder, a surveyor or an architect. They will have dealt with councils before, know how to make the application easily understood and accurate, and can help shepherd the plans through council. Continued below. Hard Luck stories: World of trouble. Cartoon: The Phil Goff Waterfront Stadium. Career mistakes can be remedied. Once your application is lodged, the council has 2. A useful flowchart for the process can be found here: http: //tinyurl. If you buy a property with an unconsented garage, you can get conveyancing insurance, which protects you and subsequent owners against certain actions by the council, says Jonathan Flaws, property lawyer at Sanderson Weir. The insurance covers some of the costs of defending legal action against you and the costs of obtaining a . El ritmo de crecimiento de las u. Debe comprenderse al Este aviso fue puesto el 6 de diciembre de 2012. Los prejuicios o las conductas racistas. El contexto de Quito. En el censo nacional de 1. En conjunto, estas ciudades contienen el 4. El Ecuador ha evitado la explosi. ![]() De hecho, el crecimiento poblacional de los dos centros urbanos dominantes ha coincidido con la simult. Afortunadamente, en el caso de Quito, una unidad pol. El Distrito Metropolitano de Quito fue oficialmente creado y sancionado por los gobiernos nacional y local en 1. Con algunas excepciones, esta . Aunque los estrictos l. La provincia tiene un . Sin embargo, reconociendo la gran diversidad interna del ecosistema forestal urbano de Quito, con frecuencia se separar. Cowboys americanos El Far West, los cowboys, los forajidos, la conquista del oeste, el ferrocarril, expediciones famosas. Indudablemente el Positivismo aparece en un momento hist Este enfoque respeta las importantes diferencias biof. Aun ciertamente existen variaciones locales, las . En estos sectores existen tanto tierras p. En todas estas zonas periurba localizadas en el l. Estos tipos discuten con mayor detalle en el Recuadro 3. Moll y Ebenreck, 1. Hardoy y Satterthwaite, 1. Mapa 2. 2. Estos elementos definitorios ser. Algunas de ellas incluyen. En la prehistoria, el lugar donde se asienta Quito fue una encrucijada de importantes rutas de comercio a trav. Las consideraciones defensivas de las poblaciones ind. Mientras que los pobladores han logrado superar algunas limitaciones f. Dentro de esta cuenca, y espec. Estos suelos tienen una retenci. Plustols, Arglustolls, Pludolls). Se encuentran suelos similares en las zonas de Lloa y Quito Sur. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Zonas de Vida de Holdridge(Fuente: Gangotena et al, 1. Los niveles de erosi. Bajo las laderas de la escarpa occidental existe una capa dura de Duripan («cangahua») a menos de un metro de profundidad, que a veces se expone por la erosi. En muchos lugares tambi. El contenido de materia org. Tres de estas zonas de Holdridge (m. Las zonas presentes en el Distrito se enlistan, junto con sus caracter. Estas clasificaciones parecen centrarse solamente en . Las temperaturas promedio van de 1. C. Las temperaturas promedio van de 1. C. Las temperaturas promedio van de 1. C. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Distritos Ecol. La Tabla 2. 1 presenta cifras de poblaci. A pesar de existir serios problemas de calidad en algunos de estos datos, es evidente la existencia de un patr. Se piensa que las cifras a partir del siglo 1. Estos datos no solo demuestran el r. Esto demuestra una clara tendencia a la urbanizaci. El Mapa 2. 5 se basa en un estudio sobre la expansi. El Mapa 2. 6 muestra los cambios de densidad en las parroquias urbanas y rurales del . Sin embargo, esta poblaci. Los valles que se extienden al norte, a las afueras de Quito, a pesar de su clima semides. Las tierras de los valles f. Las actividades del sector de servicios (usos urbanos del suelo) dominan en el n. En la zona de transici. En general, la econom. Sin embargo, ciertas . Las regiones suburbanas m. Los distritos urbanos central- norte y central- sur de Quito (. Desgraciadamente, no existen datos para medir los tipos y velocidades de cambio en los usos econ. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Distribuci. La primera Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1. Las dificultades de realizar una agricultura rentable en lotes muy peque. La Reforma Agraria tambi. Estos procesos ocasionaron una considerable fragmentaci. Unas pocas pueden todav. Aunque la ley las protege t. Algunos intereses privados y representantes del gobierno est. Se promueve la eventual integraci. Opuestos a este punto de vista est. No existen datos detallados sobre las implicaciones ecol. Actualmente los administradores municipales trabajan con miembros de una comuna localizada dentro de los l. Aunque no se obtuvieron cifras para toda la regi. Unos pocos aspectos fundamentales son. Los administradores de la ciudad han intentado «racionalizar» este crecimiento incrementando el control formal sobre el ordenamiento del espacio, la distribuci. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Cambios en la Densidad Poblacional 1. Mapa 2. 6. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Cambios en la Densidad Poblacional 1. Mapa 2. 6. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Cambios en la Densidad Poblacional 1. Mapa 2. 6. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Cambios en la Densidad Poblacional 1. Fuente: IMQ, 1. 99. IMQ 1. 99. 2d)El Mapa 2. El Mapa 2. 8 muestra los l. Entre otras causas, la desenfrenada especulaci. La estructura del Distrito Metropolitano reemplaza al sistema anterior, m. El nuevo Distrito incluye 1. Tanto a nivel de parroquia como de zona existen consejos de representantes elegidos democr. Los representantes de cada zona tienen voz pero no voto en este Concejo legislativo. Son numerosas las oportunidades para una intervenci. A largo plazo tienen mayor relevancia las pol. En el Quito del siglo 2. Los principales esfuerzos de planificaci. Aunque estos esfuerzos demuestran un esp. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Cambios en los L. Por ejemplo, en 1. Concejo Municipal dict. En 1. 99. 4 el alcalde form. Sin embargo hasta la fecha esta unidad ha hecho muy poco en relaci. El gobierno metropolitano tambi. En tiempos coloniales, la influencia de la Corona tuvo capital importancia y ciertamente fue equivalente a los controles municipales. A lo largo de la historia del manejo de las mayores ciudades ecuatorianas, como Quito, todos estos niveles de gobierno han estado presentes en alguna extensi. Sin embargo, otras jurisdicciones a. Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - L. Desde la perspectiva del manejo del ecosistema, las acciones m. Severos derrumbes que afectaron a barrios urbanos en la d. Estas tierras, junto con otros bloques declarados zonas protegidas por la Municipalidad de Quito, forman ahora un cintur. A lo lejos estribaciones del Volc. Aunque el Ministerio de Agricultura tiene la autoridad y responsabilidad de requerir la preparaci. En 1. 98. 4, Quito se destac. Sin embargo, el plan de manejo ha sido casi completamente olvidado desde entonces. Si la falta de recursos y voluntad pol. Index of Songs The songs in this index are listed alphabetically by last name. For songs. whose names begin with the word. Cape Cod Canal: Predicted Tidal Current: January, 2012: Flood Direction, True. Ebb (-) Direction, True. NOAA, National Ocean Service. Project Gutenberg Australia a treasure-trove of literature treasure found hidden with no evidence of ownership. Ebb Tide is the Oceanfront resort in Seaside,Oregon. Conveniently located near the Seaside Aquarium, Seaside Promenade and other venues & attractions that Seaside has. The songs in this index are listed alphabetically by last name. For songs whose names begin with the word 'The,' ignore the first word and alphabetize by the second. 1956 (age 22) Eddie Davis - Uptown (King LP 606) Eddie 'Lockjaw' Davis (tenor sax) Shirley Scott (organ) Charlie Rice (drums). Wrecks Of The Pentland Firth 1934 - 1981 W. 1934 'CAIRNGLEN', a Newcastle steamer of the Cairn line homeward bound from Canada with a. The Rise and Fall of Labor Unions In The U.S. From the 1830s until 2012 (but mostly the 1930s-1980s) by G. James Wong Howe, Cinematographer: The Thin Man. Master cinematographer James Wong Howe, whose career stretched from silent pictures through the mid-'70s, was born. ![]() ![]() ![]() An instrumental version by organist Kenneth W.![]() Trudeau est un enseignant, un p. Il a comme vision du Canada un endroit o. Exposition des Archives D LE TRI CONTINUE A LA CANTINE Pour gagner du temps, et de l'efficacit. L’honorable Marie-Claude Bibeau a ![]() A l’initiative du conseil de la vie coll.
Les Nomades de Montmorency - Programme sportif intercoll. ![]() Harold, der Pechvogel (1. Film Deutsch. 19. US ) . Aber wenn Hickory zu haben angeeignet die Mittel, die der Gemeinschaft, die ihm anvertraut, Harold die Durchsuchung und Beschlagnahme von Betr. Ansicht in die HBO, dieser Film wurde im Jahre 1. SCHAUSPIELER Harold, der Pechvogel (1. Schauspieler / Schauspielerinnen: Harold Lloyd, Jobyna Ralston, Walter James, Leo Willis, Olin Francis, Constantine Romanoff, Eddie Boland, Frank Lanning, Ralph Yearsley, Fred Brown, Lem Hardy, Gus Leonard, Jim Mac. ![]() ![]() Harold, der Pechvogel (1927) - Film Deutsch. Kostenlose Filme Guide weltweit. Kostenlos kinofilme online anschauen. Alle filme; Science Fiction; Kurzfilm. Harold, der Pechvogel : 1927) <!--imdb-->Harold, der Pechvogel <!--/imdb--> 1927: 45. 7,8: Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (1926) 1.978 <a href='http://www.lovefilm. Intyre, Arthur Millett, Frank Mitchell und Roger Moore. FILM BEWERTUNG online. Sehr gut, kann sagen, eine sehr gute Geschichte und halten das Publikum in seinen Stuhl. REGIEFREIWILLIGE SELBSTKONTROLLE (FSK)Unter der regie von Ted Wilde, J. A. Howe, Harold Lloyd und Lewis Milestone. FSK- 0 Freigegeben ohne Altersbeschr. Green, John Grey, Thomas J. Crizer und Lex Neal. MUSIK Harold, der Pechvogel. Bestehend aus Carl Davis und Don Hulette. Starring Harold Lloyd, Jobyna Ralston, Walter James, Leo Willis, Olin Francis and Constantine Romanoff, «The Kid Brother» (also known as 'Harold, der Pechvogel', '. Harold, der Pechvogel (1927) als Jim Hickory: Battling Butler (1926) als Her father: Charley My Boy! Harold, der Pechvogel (1927) Kom. Regisseure: Ted Wilde, J.A. FOTOGRAFIE / KAMERAGef. Lasky und Harold Lloyd. STUDIO UND DAMIT ZUSAMMENH. Die Filmpremiere im Fernsehen wird in 4: 3 Format (kleiner Bildschirm) ausgestrahlt. ![]() Ohne Werbeunterbrechungen hat der, Harold, der Pechvogel volle des Filme eine Dauer von 8. Minuten; sein offizieller Trailer ist im Internet zu sehen. ![]() ![]()
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is a comic book series co-created by writer Alan Moore and artist Kevin O'Neill which began in 1999. The League of Gentlemen have played in total nearly a hundred characters, many created in the early stage shows, others during the span of the television series and. The police are questioning Tubbs and Edward about the disappearance of a boy. Hilarious impressions in this sketch black BBC comedy tv series The League of. In this book, all four. The League of Gentlemen - Series 1.
Concorde - Wikipedia. A. It had a maximum speed over twice the speed of sound at Mach 2. First flown in 1. Concorde entered service in 1. It is one of only two supersonic transports to have been operated commercially; the other is the Soviet- built Tupolev Tu- 1. Concorde was jointly developed and manufactured by A. Twenty aircraft were built, including six prototypes and development aircraft. Welcome to my Website: Ireland, Ahern, Corruption Enda Kenny, Fine Gael, Corruption and Hypocrisy ( This is not a commercial website!) Updated: 2006,2007,2009,2011. Midnight Special (dir. Jeff Nichols) The Confirmation (dir. Bob Nelson) 10 Cloverfield Lane (dir. Dan Trachtenberg) Glassland (dir. Air France (AF) and British Airways (BA) were the only airlines to purchase and fly Concorde. The aircraft was primarily used by wealthy passengers who could afford to pay a high price in exchange for Concorde's speed and luxury service. Among other destinations, Concorde flew regular transatlantic flights from London's Heathrow Airport and Paris's Charles de Gaulle Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, Washington Dulles International Airport and Grantley Adams International Airport in Barbados; it flew these routes in less than half the time of other airliners. Concorde's name, meaning . In the UK, any or all of the type are known simply as Concorde, with no definite article the. Concorde won the 2. Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum, beating other well- known designs such as the BMC Mini, the miniskirt, the Jaguar E- type, the London Tube map and the Supermarine Spitfire. The type was retired in 2. Air France Flight 4. The general downturn in the commercial aviation industry after the September 1. Concorde by A. The group met for the first time in February 1. April 1. 95. 5. At the time it was known that the drag at supersonic speeds was strongly related to the span of the wing. The team outlined a baseline configuration that looked like an enlarged Avro 7. This same short span produced very little lift at low speed, which resulted in extremely long take- off runs and frighteningly high landing speeds. Based on this, the group considered the concept of an SST unfeasible, and instead suggested continued low- level studies into supersonic aerodynamics. Slender deltas. The vortex will lower the air pressure and cause lift to be greatly increased. This effect had been noticed earlier, notably by Chuck Yeager in the Convair XF- 9. Weber suggested that this was no mere curiosity, and the effect could be deliberately used to improve low speed performance. Although the delta had already been used on aircraft prior to this point, these designs used planforms that were not much different from a swept wing of the same span. Such a layout would still have good supersonic performance inherent to the short span, while also offering reasonable take- off and landing speeds using vortex generation. Test pilot Eric Brown recalls Morgan's reaction to the presentation, saying that he immediately seized on it as the solution to the SST problem. Brown considers this moment as being the true birth of the Concorde project. At the very first meeting, on 5 November 1. Handley Page HP. 1. Although they would burn more fuel in cruise, they would be able to fly more sorties in a given period of time, so fewer aircraft would be needed to service a particular route. This would remain economically advantageous as long as fuel represented a small percentage of operational costs, as it did at the time. STAC suggested that two designs naturally fell out of their work, a transatlantic model flying at about Mach 2, and a shorter- range version flying at perhaps Mach 1. Morgan suggested that a 1. SST would cost about . The smaller 1. 00 passenger short- range version would cost perhaps . To meet this schedule, development would need to begin in 1. Morgan strongly suggested that the US was already involved in a similar project, and that if the UK failed to respond it would be locked out of an airliner market that he believed would be dominated by SST aircraft. In 1. 95. 9, a study contract was awarded to Hawker Siddeley and Bristol for preliminary designs based on the slender delta concept, which developed as the HSA. Bristol 1. 98. Armstrong Whitworth also responded with an internal design, the M- Wing, for the lower- speed shorter- range category. Even at this early time, both the STAC group and the government were looking for partners to develop the designs. In September 1. 95. Hawker approached Lockheed, and after the creation of British Aircraft Corporation in 1. Bristol team immediately started talks with Boeing, General Dynamics, Douglas Aircraft and Sud Aviation. Ogee planform selected. Each of these planforms had its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of aerodynamics. As they worked with these shapes, a practical concern grew to become so important that it forced selection of one of these designs. Generally one wants to have the wing's centre of pressure (CP, or . As the aircraft layout changes during the design phase, it is common for the CG to move fore or aft. With a normal wing design this can be addressed by moving the wing slightly fore or aft to account for this. Studying the various layouts in terms of CG changes, both during design and changes due to fuel use during flight, the ogee planform immediately came to the fore. While the wing planform was evolving, so was the basic SST concept. Bristol's original Type 1. In the late 1. 95. Sud and Nord, as well as Dassault. Of the three, the Sud Aviation Super- Caravelle won the design contest with a medium- range design deliberately sized to avoid competition with transatlantic US designs they assumed were already on the drawing board. As soon as the design was complete, in April 1. Pierre Satre, the company's technical director, was sent to Bristol to discuss a partnership. Bristol was surprised to find that the Sud team had designed a very similar aircraft after considering the SST problem and coming to the very same conclusions as the Bristol and STAC teams in terms of economics. It was later revealed that the original STAC report, marked . Sud made minor changes to the paper, and presented it as their own work. Unsurprisingly, the two teams found much to agree on. The French had no modern large jet engines, and had already concluded they would buy a British design anyway (as they had on the earlier subsonic Caravelle). As neither company had experience in the use of high- heat metals for airframes, a maximum speed of around Mach 2 was selected so aluminium could be used . This lower speed would also speed development and allow their design to fly before the Americans. Finally, everyone involved agreed that K. The UK team was still focused on a 1. French were deliberately avoiding these. However, this proved not to be the barrier it might seem; common components could be used in both designs, with the shorter range version using a clipped fuselage and four engines, the longer one with a stretched fuselage and six engines, leaving only the wing to be extensively re- designed. The teams continued to meet through 1. A single design emerged that differed primarily in fuel load. More powerful Bristol Siddeley Olympus engines, being developed for the TSR- 2, allowed either design to be powered by only four engines. Cabinet response, treaty. The various US companies had proved uninterested in such a venture, likely due to the belief that the government would be funding development and would frown on any partnership with a European company, and the risk of . The economic considerations were considered highly questionable, especially as these were based on development costs, now estimated to be . The Treasury Ministry in particular presented a very negative view, suggesting that there was no way the project would have any positive financial returns for the government, especially in light that . The Committee ultimately rejected the economic arguments, including considerations of supporting the industry made by Thorneycroft. Their report in October stated that it was unlikely there would be any direct positive economic outcome, but that the project should still be considered for the simple reason that everyone else was going supersonic, and they were concerned they would be locked out of future markets. Conversely, it appeared the project would not be likely to significantly impact other, more important, research efforts. After considerable argument, the decision to proceed ultimately fell to an unlikely political expediency. At the time, the UK was pressing for admission to the European Common Market, which was being controlled by Charles de Gaulle who felt the UK's Special Relationship with the US made them unacceptable in a pan- European group. Cabinet felt that signing a deal with Sud would pave the way for Common Market entry, and this became the main deciding reason for moving ahead with the deal. It was this belief that had led the original STAC documents being leaked to the French. However, De Gaulle spoke of the European origin of the design, and continued to block the UK's entry into the Common Market. The development project was negotiated as an international treaty between the two countries rather than a commercial agreement between companies and included a clause, originally asked for by the UK, imposing heavy penalties for cancellation. A draft treaty was signed on 2. November 1. 96. 2. Both words mean agreement, harmony or union. The name was officially changed to Concord by Harold Macmillan in response to a perceived slight by Charles de Gaulle. At the French roll- out in Toulouse in late 1. In his memoirs, he recounts a tale of a letter from an irate Scotsman claiming: . In common usage in the United Kingdom, the type is known as Concorde without an article, rather than the Concorde or a Concorde. However, prospective customers showed no interest in the short- range version and it was dropped. The advertisement predicted a market for 3. Concorde's head start over the United States' SST project. |
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